Structured Outputs enforce a specific response shape, often with schemas, so AI output can be parsed and consumed reliably by software.

Reasoning Effort is a controllable depth setting for model thinking, balancing answer quality, latency, and cost.

A Context Window is the maximum amount of tokens a model can process at once, including instructions, conversation history, and retrieved data.

Tool Calling is the capability for a model to decide when to call connected tools, then use tool results to complete a task.

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enriches model outputs by fetching external knowledge at runtime and conditioning generation on it.

Hallucination refers to model outputs that sound plausible but are unsupported or false, often due to missing or weak source context.